AIA instruments of change include which items?

• A. Change Order
• B. Architect's Supplemental Instruction
• C. Construction Change Directive
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Changes to a project are controlled through formal mechanisms in AIA contract documents so that alterations to scope, cost, and schedule are clearly documented. A Change Order is the formal modification to the contract after it’s been executed, changing the contract sum or the project timeline and requiring agreement between the owner and contractor (often with the architect's involvement). An Architect’s Supplemental Instruction is a directive from the architect that clarifies contract documents or implements a minor change that doesn’t affect the contract sum or the schedule; it keeps the work aligned with the drawings and specs, with any cost or time impact addressed separately if needed. A Construction Change Directive is used when a change is needed but there isn’t yet an agreed-upon adjustment to price or schedule; it directs the contractor to proceed with the change while the final adjustments are determined later through a Change Order or other agreement. Because all three are recognized means to authorize or direct changes, all of these are instruments of change.